Тип публикации: статья из журнала
Год издания: 2012
Ключевые слова: Siberian region, socio-cultural factors, regular design, planning conception, mansion, house, сибирский регион, городская усадьба, социокультурные факторы, регулярный план, планировочное решение
Аннотация: Целью данной статьи является ретроспективный анализ формирования сибирских усадеб, играющих важнейшую роль в развитии городского архитектурного ландшафта. Рассматривается эволюция усадебной модели в контексте разнообразных социокультурных факторов, определяющих ее архитектурно-планировочную структуру. Выделяются три наиболее характПоказать полностьюерных периода активного становления городской усадьбы Сибирского региона. В рамках каждого исторического периода выявляются особенности основных структурно-функциональных элементов усадьбы (конфигурация и размеры границ, характер заполнения территории и т.д.), формирующиеся под влиянием доминирующих на данном этапе социокультурных тенденций. The authors of this paper refer to the problem of mansion formation in Siberia, which acts as a part of the basic planning element in the development of urban areas and is represented in a great variety. The article contains the retrospective analysis of architectural and planning formation of Siberian mansions. We consider three major periods, during which the active formation of the Siberian mansion occurred. The analysis contains the peculiarities of the basic structural and functional elements of the mansion (the configuration and size of the territory boundaries, the nature of the core location (the izba) and its types, forming the land adjacent to the building, etc.). The analysis of the given features is presented as a distinguishing characteristic of each period. Along with these features the attention is paid to the socio-cultural factors that determine the evolution of the mansions of Siberian region. In this paper it is shown that during the first period (the 17th - the second half of the 19th cc.), which is characterized by dynamic urban development, the basic principles of similar houses layout on small-sized areas were forming. During the same period, owing to the work of the COMMISSION FOR ST. PETERSBURG AND MOSCOW STONE CONSTRUCTION, the tendency to arrange buildings and to plan settlements appears and constitutes a part of the legislative policy on urban development. In the period from the 17th century until the second half of the 19th century the development of urban mansions in Siberia takes place against the background of regular urban development in Russia. The normative legal requirements to architecture and city building is being formed. The "exemplary design" as the basis for urban development of any country settlement significantly contributed to the transformation of the internal organization of the Siberian mansion. Taking into account the new trends and general requirements one may say that the centric model of the Siberian mansion begins to change. The analysis of the third period (the second half of the 19th - early 20th cc.) showed a decisive influence on the formation of the Siberian city mansion by different socio-cultural factors that contribute to both the intensive development of the urban population and house building. Among the important changes in the composition-planning model of the urban mansion of this period one can mark the inclusion of the commercial apartment building into the structure of the mansion, as well as increasing the number of different manufacturing facilities. Thus, the given retrospective analysis allows us to trace the timeline of changes in the structure of the Siberian city mansion, and classify them according to various criteria.
Журнал: Вестник Томского государственного университета
Выпуск журнала: № 362
Номера страниц: 61-64
ISSN журнала: 15617793
Место издания: Томск
Издатель: Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет